Kanysh (Gabdulghani) Imantayevich Satpayev (12April1899 –31January 1964) – prominent scientist-geologist, Doctor of Geology-Mineralogical Sciences, founder and the first President of the KazSSR Academy of Sciences, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Biography
At all times, the history of any state is most clearly and impressively presented through the prism of the great people deeds. Moreover, history itself is often identified with these personalities. It is known that each era puts forward its heroes. Russia is Peter the Great, Pushkin, Tolstoy, Lomonosov… England is Shakespeare and Byron, Newton, Faraday and Rutherford… Among the whole galaxy of our noble countrymen, there are many individuals being talked about and put legends for generations. In this context, the personality and achievements, scientific and state activities of the first Kazakh professional mining engineer-geologist, founder and first President of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan – K. I. Satpayev acquires a key role and importance in the history of science and scientific thought of Kazakhstan, which had a difficult time, the time of formation of the country, the time of grandiose affairs of industrialization of the Republic.
The future scientist was born on April 12, 1899 in a place called Ayryk, which is 12 km from the Tendyk village. Now it is the Musa Shorman village in Satpayev rural district of Bayan-aul area of Pavlodar region. The infant was given the name of Gabdul-Ghani. Mom affectionately called him – Ghani, Kanysh. Soon everyone began to call the boy Kanysh. «Since childhood, he admired the piles of mountains, listened to the murmur of mountain streams through the gorges, breathed astringent, like spring kumys, air, infused with herbs and flowers. The harsh and gentle, exquisite and tender nature of Kazakhstan cradled him, raised his eagle wings» – so poetically expressed academician of the Kazakh SSR K. Zhumaliev about Kanysh Imantaevich [1].
He was left without a mother early and from childhood aspired to knowledge. Kanysh studied first in the aul school, where teaching was in Arabic, then in Pavlodar two-class Russian-Kazakh gymnasium. Among his classmates was subsequently repressed, famous Kazakh playwright, novelist and poet Zh. Aymauytov. Then in his life was Semipalatinsk Teacher’s Seminary, the Director of which was his cousin, a teacher of Russian Philology A. Z. Satpayev (in 1937 he will be shot). In Semipalatinsk Kanysh Satpayev met A. Baitursynov, M. Dulatov, poet-democrat S. Toraighyrov, studied together with M. Auezov and A. Margulan. Teachers at the Seminary were the famous brothers historians Belosludov, a wonderful educators couple – Nazipa and Nurgali Kulzhanov. But the young man began to fail with health, so the exams for the diploma he passed externally. 1920-1921 years Satpayev held in their native lands, where he returned on kumiss-treatment due to the escalation of tuberculosis. In 1921, thanks to a friend, a student of the Siberian Institute of Technology A. Ermekov, in the future the first Kazakh Professor of Mathematics, there was a fateful for the young Kanysh meeting with Tomsk Professor of Geology, the future academician M. A. Usov. «A crucial role in the fate of Satpayev was played by his unexpected meeting with Professor of Tomsk Technological Institute – M. A. Usov in Bayan-Aul in the middle of 1921, who came for kumiss-treatment. The 22-year-old boy was so interested by stories about Geology that in 1921 Satpayev left the post of people’s judge and entered the Institute of Technology» I. T. Lozovsky, the author of the book about K. Satpayev’s student years in Tomsk writes [2].
Becoming a student of the Siberian Institute of technology, he achieved what he had been striving for all the last years. Life in the city only began to improve after the devastation of wartime. There was not enough food, fuel, clothing. It was especially difficult for students. In this difficult time M. Usov did a lot for Kanysh. The relationship of teacher and student grew almost into a kinship between father and son. When Kanysh became seriously ill in Tomsk, Usov and his wife insisted that he move in to their house.
In 1926 K. I. Satpayev successfully graduated from the Tomsk technological Institute and, becoming the first Kazakh with a diploma of mining engineer-geologist, was sent to the Central Council of the national economy. Looking ahead, let’s say that Kanysh for long 15 years goes to Karsakpai to prove – here is the world’s largest copper deposit. Here he became the head of the geological Department of the trust “Atbascvetmet”, which included two two industrial complexes: (1)Spassk one, which included the Karaganda coal basin, the Uspensk copper mine, Spassk copper plant and (2)Karsakpay industrial complex, which consisted Karsakpay copper-smelting plant under construction, Baikonur coal mines, copper mines of Dzhezkazgan and lead deposits of Kurgasyn.
The young specialist had a serious task – carrying out the first stationary geological exploration works on systematic identification of mineral reserves in Zhezkazgan – Ulutau district.
As for the conditions of the local nature, during the long months of heat the steppe manages to burn out so that in autumn it seems not only harsh, but also lifeless… Thus appeared the place of future work before the eyes of Satpayev. Archival documents of the Atbasar trust stored in the Central archive of the USSR SCNE tell about the then relations of Dzhezkazgan with the outside world: «…There are no roads at all. Reliable communication is only camels that are in the hands of the local population» [3]. In order to imagine the real situation of the time, it is enough to cite the following excerpt from the book of the writer and the researcher of the Kanysh Satpayev biography – M. Sarsekeev: «… the nearest railway station is four hundred and thirty miles away, there is no water, there is a boundless lifeless steppe around, the population is small and completely illiterate. Should we bet on the workers from the Central cities who will work here for hire? No, they would last only a few months in Karsakpai. When they really know the conditions here, the factory rules, they’ll run away (…). Copper smelting requires a lot of fuel. Where to get it? Maybe call the Karaganda coal as a reliable fuel supply? But they are seven hundred kilometers away…» [4].
The biography of the great scientist is rich in examples worthy of imitation. Such traits as civic morality and scientific honesty, inflexibility and perseverance in achieving goals, originality in research, good attitude to others – can serve as an excellent example for young people entering the big life. Here is what wrote the academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR D. I. Shcherbakov: «K. I. Satpayev had the ability to choose the right path and the ability to go without hesitation to the intended goal. Born in the vast steppes of Kazakhstan, he absorbed the features of their harsh nature, developing skills of struggle for existence and the will to win. He was in love with his native land, admired the power of the geological processes that created it and believed in the unlimited wealth of its bowels»[5].
We know from history that in the thirties in the Kazakh steppe everywhere began a terrible famine. Many villages depopulated. «Kanysh Imantayevich could not be an indifferent spectator of the terrible misfortune of his native people – he believed that everyone who could get to the drilling site should be saved, supported until better times, the number of workers in his department of that year reached a thousand people. K. Satpayev, who accidentally came to his sister’s village, saw people who had died from hunger in yurts. In one of them he found half-dead children, among whom were his sister’s children. He decides to take everyone out. This was the time when he and his wife took care of nineteen young Satpayevs. One of them, Kemal Akishev, later became a famous archaeologist, doctor of sciences, who discovered the «Golden man» during excavations near Almaty».[6].
In 1932 K. I. Satpayev published the first scientific monograph “Dzhezkazgan copper ore region and its mineral resources”. By that time, it was found that in the ores of Zhezkazgan are more than 2 million tons of copper, not 60 thousand tons, which were spoken by British experts and employees of the Geological Committee of the CPC. This was proof of K. I. Satpayev’s scientific foresight. In 1934, at the session of the USSR Academy Of Sciences, K. I. Satpayev made a report “Copper, coal, iron, manganese ores and other minerals of Dzhezkazgan-Ulutau district”, in which he comprehensively justified the rich prospects of the Zhezkazgan deposit and the entire district. Moscow scientists led by V. A. Obruchev were convinced of the unconditional victory of the young scientist.
In December 1934, K. I. Satpayev was at a reception with Sergo Ordzhonikidze, who warmly supported the idea of building a Large Dzhezkazgan plant. On March 25, 1936, the people’s Commissar of heavy industry Sergo Ordzhonikidze signed an order to begin preparatory work for the construction of the Dzhezkazgan copper smelter. However, after the unexpected death of S. Ordzhonikidze in early 1937, the design work was curtailed. «Only at the beginning of 1938, when the leadership staff of the copper industry was thoroughly reorganized, K. I. Satpayev was invited to the new people’s Commissar of heavy industry L. M. Kaganovich, and 10 February 1938, appeared a historic Dzhezkazgan order No. 50 at the PCHI of the USSR, which was ordered to proceed immediately to designing a new Large Dzhezkazgan plant of increased production capacity».[7].
Starting his career as a simple engineer-geologist, the young Kanysh Satpayev entered into an unequal battle with all those who did not believe in the prospects for the development of mineral resources of Central Kazakhstan. What civil courage, what persistent faith and energy had to have to in spite of popular belief about the futility of Dzhezkazgan copper deposit to prove the need to continue exploration work on this deposit, to lead them, and ultimately display the field in a number of global breakthroughs that became the mining giant.
This is evidenced by the letter Of K. I. Satpayev addressed to the Secretary of CC AUCP(b) Lazar Kaganovich Moiseevich dated January 31, 1939: «Dear Lazar Moiseevich! Yesterday I received a notice of disaggregation of narkomtyazhprom. Although from the national point of view, this event of the Party and the Government is necessary, but Your departure from the leadership of the non-ferrous metal industry will cause us to worry about the future of Dzhezkazgan. (…) Will the new leaders of the people’s Commissariat of non-ferrous industry understand the importance of Dzhezkazgan as the most promising and relevant copper base in the country… Faithful to You, the geologist Satpayev»[8].
In his multifaceted activities Kanysh Imantaevich was not limited to geological exploration, he led a wide and multifaceted work in all areas of geological science. Being constantly loaded with production questions, Kanysh Imantayevich found time for the publication of results of the work. In General, more than 130 published works Of K. I. Satpayev are devoted to the problems of Dzhezkazgan. In addition to research K. Satpayev became known as a major organizer of science in Kazakhstan. His talent as a scientist and organizer was revealed when he headed the Kazakh branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1941. After moving to Alma-Ata K. Satpayev published dozens of scientific works, and in 1942 Satpayev published two monographs. The first of them – «Copper sandstones of Kazakhstan and the Soviet Union». Materials for this work he collected during the years of work in Dzhezkazgan. The work was written as a summary of long-term observations seasoned prospector subsoil.
Its practical value was in the generalizing conclusions and recommendations to prospectors for early exploration and recognition of copper ore deposits, which was especially important in the years of acute shortage of copper. The second monograph was called «on the possibilities of development of ferrous metallurgy in Kazakhstan». In it, the author gave a geological description of all iron ore deposits of the Republic, pointed out the most promising of them, which could become the raw material base of the metallurgical industry.
On the eve of the war, Satpayev’s great work «Ore deposits of Dzhezkazgan district» was completed, the beginning of which in 1927 – 1928 was published in the magazines «Zhana Mektep», «National economy of Kazakhstan» and other publications. In fifteen years, this study has grown into a major monograph. In 1942, Kanysh Imantaevich was awarded the Stalin prize of the second degree for it. In fact, it was a reward for the Great Dzhezkazgan, which in the most difficult days of the war gave the country a huge amount of cheap copper. By this time Satpayev was the author of more than forty published scientific works. Some of them match solid dissertations. Therefore, on August 17, 1942, the Higher attestation Commission on the set of works assigns Kanysh Imantaevich the degree of doctor of geological and mineralogical Sciences.
In difficult wartime conditions, almost the entire Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences evacuated to Kazakhstan. «In mid-1941 not only children of employees of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, but many academics with families left in the wonderful resort of the Kazakh SSR – Borovoe, and some institutions, including the Institute of history, economy, geography, USSR Academy of Sciences in the Republic’s capital, Alma-Ata, the great luminaries of Soviet science in the foothills of Alatau. They weren’t here for a day or a week, they were going to be here for years. Here are the names of some of them: metallurgy A. A. Baikov, I. P. Bardin, geologist V. A. Obruchev, the miners L. D. Sheviakov and A. A. Skochinskiy, chemist E. V. Britske, agronomists D. I. Pryanishnikov and N. V. Tsitsin, freighter V. N. Obraztsov, a soil scientist L. I. Prasolov, historians A. M. Ponkratova and N. M. Druzhinin.
K. I. Satpayev surrounded the evacuated scientists with attention and care. By the will of the military fate they were far from home, deprived of the usual environment. It was necessary to make so that these elderly people thought less of household trifles of life. Housing in Alma-Ata is tight, no one has empty apartments, but if each employee of the branch makes room, it is possible to provide a corner or a room to a visiting specialist… And academics staged a with present comfort. The government of the Republic allocated them for housing the best holiday home in the tract Medeu» [9].
K. I. Satpayev directed the vigorous activity to the organization of work for protection of the country from fascism. The merits of Kanysh imantaevich also include the fact that under his leadership in the 40s of the last century in Kazakhstan was discovered and developed Dzhezdinsky manganese ore Deposit, which allowed the Soviet Union during the great Patriotic war, despite the temporary loss of Ukrainian Nikopol and Chiatura deposits in Georgia, to continue the production of armor steel. During the war, 70.9% of manganese ore of the USSR was obtained at this Deposit.
Having a gift of the talented organizer, he was able to select associates of separate direction of science, each of which subsequently glorified the Kazakhstan science by the works and discoveries. In difficult war years K. I. Satpayev managed to open a number of research institutes, attracted for scientific researches of the evacuated scientists for needs to the solution of the current industrial and other production tasks of military defensive orders.
«Thanks to the perfect knowledge of Geology mineral resources K. I. Satpayev at the most difficult time in the early years of the war decided the question of the stoppage and the threat of stoppage of steel plants providing the manganese ore smelting armor plate» noted academician of NAS RK, doctor of geological-mineralogical Sciences, Professor S. Ozdoyev, opening the international scientific-practical conference «Spiritual modernization: the legacy of the person» devoted to life and activities of K. I. Satpayev in the city of Nur-Sultan. [10]. In the autumn of 1943 K. I. Satpayev was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR for merits in the development of science and great scientific achievements. During these years he devoted particular attention during the design and construction of Temirtau, Balkhash and Atasuisk mining plant.
In June 1946 K. I. Satpayev was elected the first President of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, the opening of which was preceded by a lot of preparatory work. Back in 1944, Under the leadership of K. I. Satpayev, a government Commission was created to create it, which included 11 people from among the academicians of the USSR Academy of Sciences headed by President Of the AS USSR S. I. Vavilov. By the time the Academy was established there were 18 research institutes, 8 sectors, 7 experimental stations, 3 botanical gardens. The total number of employees was 1400 people, including 57 doctors of sciences and 184 candidates of sciences.
Huge organizational work of management science and concern about the industrial development of Kazakhstan K. I. Satpayev combines with practical assistance to industrial complexes. New academic institutes were opened: nuclear physics, mathematics and mechanics, hydrogeology and hydrophysics, chemistry of oil and natural salts, chemical and metallurgical, mining and metallurgical, ichthyology and fisheries, experimental biology, economics, philosophy and law, literature and art, linguistics.
Encyclopedic education allowed him to take a personal part in the creation of these centers of great science. In the postwar years, the Institute began to actively develop all areas of geological science-metallogeny, paleontology, stratigraphy, geotectonics, mineralogy, geochemistry, geophysics, hydrogeology. The development of these areas is inextricably linked with such eminent geologists as R. A. Borukaev, N. G. Cassin, A. K. Kayupov, I. I. Bock, I. P. Novokhatsky, D. N. Kazanli, C. G. Medoyev, G. N. Scherba, P. Ya. Avrov, P. T. Tazhibaeva, G. B. Zhilinsky, V. F. Bespalov, N. K. Ivshin, G. F. Lyapichev, I. F. Nikitin, S. M. Bondaletov, S. A. Kenesarin, M. V. Taschinin, V. V. Galitsky, U. M. Akhmetsaphin, V. K. Monich, A. A. Abdulin, E. D. Tapalov, V. M. Shuzhanov, L. A. Miroshnichenko, V. M. Piliphosov, V. N. Lyubetsky, M. S. Bykov and many others.
The range of interests of academician K. I. Satpayev was unusually wide and went beyond the natural Sciences. He was a great connoisseur of Kazakh history, literature, culture, Ethnography, music and folklore, well-known for his archaeological research in the territory of Central Kazakhstan, works on pedagogy and literature.
He was the first to appreciate the value of M. Auezov’s novel «The Way of Abai», gave 25 folk songs to the collector of folklore A. Zataevich, left many works on theater, art, culture, education of youth.
Nothing escaped the attention of the inquisitive scientist during his trips across the steppe. Hearing from the locals that there is a stone with Arabic inscriptions on the top of the hill Altyn Shoki, Kanysh Imantayevich went to inspect it. It turned out to be a memorial plate with an inscription made on the orders of the famous Timur (Tamerlan) about his campaign in the Kyrgyz steppes. The Hermitage Director academician Orbeli became interested in the find and in 1936 he was taken to Leningrad. The inscription was subsequently deciphered and dated to 1391. This became another confirmation of the famous campaign of Timur in Deshty Kipchak against Khan of the Golden Horde Toktamish[11].
In his Address to the people of Kazakhstan, President of Kazakhstan Kasym-Jomart Tokayev announced the celebration of the 750th anniversary of the Golden Horde. Earlier, speaking at the international tourism forum «Ulytau-2019», he called Ulytau «the Golden cradle of the Kazakh people, a witness of the revered history of Kazakhstan». The head of state also separately mentioned the historical role of Zhoshy Khan – the founder of the Golden Horde, in this regard, it should be noted that the article of K. Satpayev «Prehistoric monuments in Dzhezkazgan district», published in the journal National economy of Kazakhstan (1941. №1), where he writes in particular: «the Nation «Kazakh», as is known, arose in the first half of the XV century from the remnants of the Turkic – Tatar tribes in the South of the Empire of the great Mogul, and in the West-the Golden Horde.
Indicator of the value of the Ulytau mountains as the ancient political center of the Kazakhs is the fact that the Ulytau mountains dispersed once all the main tribes, which formed the nationality – Kazakh. Existence of the ancient political center of Kazakhs in Ulytau is confirmed also by the monuments of material culture available in this area. On the river Kengir, South of Baskagil mountains, 65 km from Dzhezkazgan, preserved three of the old burial ground (mausoleum) of burned bricks, square shape, glazed surface, the shape and size of the brick which is closest to the «Golden Horde style». Folk tradition attributes these graves to Alashakhan, son of Genghis Khan – Jochi and court musician Dombaul» [12]. Thus, Kanysh Satpayev contributed to the formation of not only industrial Kazakhstan, domestic science in general, but also its historical industry in particular.
Academician K. I. Satpayev was a great and at the same time simple and modest man. Nature endowed him with tall stature and beauty, he was noble, intelligent and eloquent. He stood out in any crowd, he was always noticed and remembered. For example, during a visit to England in 1947 as part of the Soviet parliamentarians at an official reception, W. Churchill, the former Prime Minister of Great Britain, asked him the question: «are all Kazakhs such heroes as you? To which there was an immediate reply: «Oh, no, Mr. Churchill, my people are far superior than me!..» [13].
K. I. Satpayev first of all was and remains the largest scientist in the field of geological science. He created and headed the school of metallogeny in Kazakhstan. In 1958, a group of Kazakh scientists-geologists headed by academician K. I. Satpayev was awarded the Lenin prize for the development of the methodological basis and preparation of forecast metallogenic maps of Central Kazakhstan, which had no analogues in the world geological practice. This work showed the role of Kazakh scientists and K. I. Satpayev’s school to the whole world.
Academician K. I. Satpayev gave a lot of effort and energy to the formation and development of international relations of Kazakhstan, strengthening and deepening of cooperation of Kazakh scientists with scientists of Russia, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan. Recognition of K. I. Satpayev’s merits in this sphere became his election as a member of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The scientific heritage of K. I. Satpayev is truly grandiose. It includes 600 publications in the fields of metallogeny, mineralogy, geochemistry, minerals, stratigraphy, tectonics, geography, economics and other sciences. But the main direction in his scientific work has always been the problem of metallogeny of minerals.
K. I. Satpayev made a great contribution to the development of geological science in the USSR and the formation of science in Kazakhstan. During his leadership of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, it successfully operated multidisciplinary research institutes. He was the first scientist from Central Asia-in 1946 he was elected academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences. “Academician K. I. Satpayev made a significant contribution to the development of science in Tajikistan. In 1951, at the first organizational session of the an of Tajikistan, he was elected an honorary member of the an of the Tajik SSR. K. I. Satpayev came to Tajikistan to discuss issues directly related to the scientific activities of the Institutes of Geology and seismology of Tajikistan. He also repeatedly invited scientists of these Institutions to Kazakhstan to get acquainted with the research activities of the Institute of geological Sciences of Kazakhstan. In subsequent years, a number of scientists from Tajikistan defended their doctoral and PhD theses at the Institute of geological Sciences named after K. I. Satpayev.
A striking example of the Commonwealth of scientists of geologists of the two countries is the anniversary conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of academician K. I. Satpayev, where the leading scientists of Tajikistan made reports on the life and scientific activity of the great scientist, held in March 1999 at the Institute of Geology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan. Thus, it can be stated that academician K. Satpayev was an outstanding organizer of science and left a deep mark not only in the formation of geological science and mineral resource base of Kazakhstan, but also in other regions of Central Asia».[14].
Kanysh Satpayev had a gift to recognize talent of people, was able to see and direct in the right direction of the young man. His merits include the fact that he led to science and brought up a number of scientific personnel, who later became major scientists and significantly influenced the development of Kazakhstan’s science. One such person is a scientist-engineer Sh. H. Chokin. At the insistence of Satpayev in 1943 Shafiq Chokinovich was transferred from the trust “of Kazselhoztehnika” in KazFAN of the USSR head of the energy sector. Subsequently, Chokin became the founder of Kazakhstan’s energy science.
In addition to Chokin, Kanysh Satpayev brought to science academician A. Margulan. Alkey Khakanovich later became a prominent scientist-archaeologist and founder of the Kazakh archaeological science. Satpayev appreciated the talent of geologist Sh. E. Esenov, and subsequently influenced him to be appointed Minister of Geology of the Kazakh SSR. Kanysh Satpayev also brought E. A. Buketov to science, appointing him Director of the chemical and metallurgical Institute of the Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences in 1960. Subsequently, Evney Arstanovich became the author of a number of major discoveries in chemical science and the winner of the state prize of the USSR [15]. Kanysh Satpayev paid special attention to the issues related to the training of young engineers and technicians. He has always been a caring educator and sensitive mentor to young people.
In his life, as in the lives of all outstanding people, there were ups and downs. At the end of 1946 began “thickening of storm clouds” over the Academy of Sciences and its head Satpayev. In subsequent years, the Academy experienced a large influx of commissions and inspections in scientific institutions of biological profile. In 1951, he had to endure bitter moments of resentment and misunderstanding when he was accused of nationalism, of concealing his social origin when joining the party, of patronizing nationalists, and of concealing the fact that in 1917 he was an agitator in the Alash Orda government. Then the Bureau of the CC KP of Kazakhstan by its decision of November 23, 1951 removed him from the post of President and member of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. Soon after, the release of Satpayev from the post of Director of the Institute of geological Sciences of the Kazakh SSR became probable. There was criticism of his leadership style. Dissatisfied persons wrote complaints to higher authorities, as a result of which the Institute began to visit various commissions and inspections.
Knowing Satpayev personally, and most importantly, appreciating his professionalism and hard work, in those difficult times for him, a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences was supported in Moscow. The President of the USSR Academy of Sciences A. N. Nesmeyanov proposed to approve it by the head of the Ural branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, or to hold the office of Deputy Chairman of the Geology branch of the USSR. Satpayev refused, saying that his Republic needed him. He returned home in April 1952, Thanks to the support of the leadership of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the post of Director of the Institute was saved, where Kanysh Imantayevich continued his work on the creation of predictive metallogenic maps of Central Kazakhstan. And in 7 years presented to Lenin prize his main scientific work on metallogeny of the Central Kazakhstan. When he was told that only he would be nominated for the award, he replied with a categorical “no”, stating that the metallogenic forecast map was worked on by the team of authors.
Kanysh Satpayev was an internationalist to the core, it never occurred to him to raise or support a person only on the basis of nationality. Among the 8 recipients were Ukrainian Novokhatsky, Jewish Zilinsky, Ossetians Medoev… In 1954, after the change of leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist party of Kazakhstan, the case related to the accusation of Satpayev in 1951 was reviewed and the scientist was found innocent. In June 1955, Kanysh Imantayevich was again elected President of the Kazakh SSR. In 1956 he was elected a member of the Central Committee of Kazakhstan.
As it`s known, 2174 rivers flow through the territory of Kazakhstan, including the full-flowing Irtysh, Ishim, Ural, Syr Darya, Or others. However, only 5.5 per cent of the river water was in Central Kazakhstan. The scientist actively supported the construction of the Irtysh – Karaganda canal and promoted the canal design in various instances of the Soviet Union. In the summer of 1959, K. Satpayev justified the need for the construction of the canal to the Chairman of the USSR Gosplan A. N. Kosygin and achieved the inclusion of its construction in the seven-year plan. Today, this structure is known as the cana named after K. Satpayev. K. I. Satpayev personally supervised complex study of natural resources of Mangyshlak Peninsula, researches of new deposits of coal, oil, gas, ores of ferrous metallurgy.
The tragic events experienced by the Kanysh Imantaevich in his relatively short life, as a shot in the 37th of his three older brothers, persecution and undeserved dismissal from the post of President of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan during the so-called campaign against nationalism in 1951-1952. undermined the health of the great scientist. Academician K. I. Satpayev died on January 31, 1964 in a Moscow hospital. He was only sixty-five years old.
Legends tell about him; his name is sung by akyns. And his death was a grief for all Kazakh land. And not only Kazakh. Fraternal peoples shared the grief of Kazakhstan. Telegrams were sent from all over the Soviet Union to Alma-Ata in those mournful days. Moscow and Leningrad, Kiev and Baku, Yerevan and Tbilisi, Tashkent and Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius, Sverdlovsk, Frunze, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok, Dzhezkazgan, Karazhal, Rudny – all grieved for the untimely departed scientist. Mourned him not only famous scientists, but also farmers and shepherds, and workers and engineers.
Like many talented, extraordinary people, Satpayev`s life was not easy, and more than once in addition to the erudition and courage of the scientist had to call on the courage of the citizen. The glorious son of the Kazakh people Kanysh Satpayev embodied the best features of a scientist and a beautiful man who gave himself entirely to science and people. It is unlikely that his life better say anyone than the First President of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev: “The farther away from us “Satpayev period” of science and society, the more visible becomes the greatness of his figure as an outstanding scientist, statesman and public figure, citizen and patriot of his country, his contribution to the development and prosperity of our country. His name will forever remain in the memory of our people, immortalized in Golden letters in its history”.[16].
Merits
Personality and achievements, scientific and state activity of the first Kazakh professional mining engineer-geologist, founder and first President of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, academician K. I. Satpayev acquires a key role and importance in the history of science and scientific thought of Kazakhstan, which had a difficult time of formation of the country, the time of grandiose Affairs of industrialization of the Republic. He is the first Kazakh doctor of science, the first academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the field of science and technology among scientists of the East, the first laureate of the state prize of the USSR and Lenin prize in Kazakhstan.
Academician K. I. Satpayev is a phenomenal scientist, a major organizer of science and scientific activity, the founder of the Republican geological survey and the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, the largest state and public figure. The material embodiment of his multifaceted activities were not only the Big Zhezkazgan and Zhezdy, but also the largest mining and metallurgical complexes of Central Kazakhstan, the East and the South of the Republic, he has a special merit in the development of oil and gas fields of the West.
In 1940 he was awarded the order of Lenin for mineral exploration of Dzhezkazgan-Ulutau district. In 1942 he was awarded the degree of doctor of geological and mineralogical Sciences. For the scientific work “Ore deposits of Dzhezkazgan district” in the same year was awarded the Stalin prize of the second degree.
The First President Of Kazakhstan N. A. Nazarbayev and many researchers of the biography of the academician K. I. Satpayev many times reported extensively on the huge role of the scientist in the organization of production and transportation of manganese ore field Zhezdy opening to increase smelting armour steel in the Ural tank factories during the great Patriotic war. It is also interesting to note that Imantaevich Kanysh Satpayev in December 1942 in his “Letter to the soldiers – Kazakhstan people” in the newspaper “Kazakhstanskaya Pravda” in the press first brought word that every 9 out of 10 bullets, smashing fascists, was made of lead cast in Kazakhstan.
In 1945 K. Satpayev was awarded the second order of Lenin and the order of the Patriotic war II degree for mobilization of resources of the rear.
In 1943 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1944 – the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR awarded him the honorary title “Honored worker of science of the Kazakh SSR”. In 1945 K. Satpayev awarded a second order of Lenin and the order of the Patriotic war II stepenice mobilizing resources behind.
In 1957 K. Satpayev was awarded the third order of Lenin for the mobilization of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan for the development of virgin and fallow lands. In 1958, a group of Kazakh scientists headed by Satpayev was awarded the Lenin prize for the development of methods and preparation of complex metallogenic forecast maps of Central Kazakhstan, which confirmed the high level of Kazakh scientists. In 1963 he was awarded the fourth order of Lenin for services in the development of geological science and the study of minerals of Kazakhstan. K. I. Satpayev was not only the organizer of Kazakhstan science, but also a politician and unofficial leader of the society, who made an invaluable contribution to the industrial development of Kazakhstan of the twentieth century.
Memory
The Kazakh national technical University, the Irtysh–Karaganda canal providing water to the capital are named after K. I. Satpayev. Monuments to the great scientist were erected in the cities of Karaganda, Pavlodar, Atyrau, Kokshetau, Zhezkazgan, Satpayev, Stepnogorsk, many busts were built in the settlements of the Republic, museums dedicated to the life and scientific activity of the scientist were opened. His name is given to dozens of schools, streets, Institute of geological Sciences in Almaty, and Zhezkazgan mining and metallurgical plant, small planet and a new mineral, “Satpayev”, mountain, Zailiyskiy Alatau, variety of colors. In pursuance of the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR No. 380 of August 14, 1987 “on additional measures to perpetuate the memory of academician K. I. Satpayev” the Memorial Museum of academician K. I. Satpayev was created in Almaty.
By the 100th anniversary of K. I. Satpayev, on the initiative of the Head of state, measures were taken to perpetuate the memory of the outstanding scientist, statesman and public figure K. I. Satpayev, a monument to K. I. Satpayev was erected in Almaty. UNESCO declared 1999 the year of Kanysh Imantaevich Satpayev. The award of NAS RK named after him for outstanding achievements in the field of natural Sciences was established. Every year on 12 April, the Day of science in Almaty, Nur-Sultan, Karaganda, Zhezkazgan, Pavlodar, Satpayev and others held scientific forums, exhibitions,Satpayev readings. It would also be appropriate to quote the words of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Anthony EDEN about the great scientist: “Among the many peoples of great Britain, there was no such outstanding scientist as Kanysh Satpayev became for the Soviet Union. Surprising phenomenon”.
References:
1 Akademik K.I.Satpayev., sbornik, posvjashhennyj pamjati vydajushhegosja sovetskogo uchenogo, Alma-Ata, 1965 str.239
2 Lozovskij I.T., Sipajlov G.A. «Studencheskie gody K.Satpayeva v Tomske, izdatel’stvo
TPU, 2019g., str.4.
3 M.Sarsekeev. «Қazaқtyң Қanyshy.Fenomen» Astana-2018zh. str.445
4 Tam zhe, str. 449
5 Akademik K.I.Satpayev: Iz pisem i zametok., izd-vo «Atamura», 1998, str.143
6 K. Satpayev – chelovek, kotoryj videl budushhee / [Jelektronnyj resurs]/
Rezhim dostupa:www.gylymordasy.kz/2016/04/25/kanysh-Satpayev-chelovek-kotoryj-
videlbudushhee/.
7 M.Sarsekeev. «Қazaқtyң Қanyshy.Fenomen» Astana-2018zh. 485-487 better.
8 Akademik K.I.Satpayev: Iz pisem i zametok., izd-vo «Atamura», 1998, str.11
8 K.I. Satpayev. Materialy k bibliografii uchenyh Kazahstana., Almaty, Ғylym-2002, str 45-46
9 M.Sarsekeev. «Қazaқtyң Қanyshy.Fenomen» Astana-2018zh. 559-561 better.
10 Materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii «Duhovnaja modernizacija: nasledie lichnosti», Astana, 2018g.
11 Akademik K.I. Satpayev sb., posvjashhennyj pamjati vydajushhegosja uchenogo.AN Kazahskoj SSR, A-Ata-1965, str.76
12 K.I.Satpayev Izbrannye stat’i, Alma-Ata, «Nauka» KazSSR 1989, str.84-85
13 Kazahstanskaja pravda, 24 janvarja 2014, Kanysh Satpayev: «Moj narod vyshe menja»
14 Materialy mezhdunarodnoj konferencii Duhovnaja modernizacija:
nasledie lichnosti», Astana, 2018g.
15 Biografija K. Satpayeva / [Jelektronnyj resurs] // Rezhim dotupa:http://encyclopaedia.bid
16 Iz vystuplenija Prezidenta RK N.A. Nazarbaeva v den’ 100-letija K.I. Satpayeva 12- aprelja 1999 g.