Tashenev Zhumabek Akhmetovich(20march1915 –18november 1986)is an outstanding statesman and public figure.
Zhumabek Tashenev was born in Tanakol (Babatai) (village) of the Arshaly district in Akmola region. Zhumabek’s father – Zhaksybayev Tashen and mother Gulsum had an average wealth.
He was buried in the city of Shymkent.
Biography
Tashenev Zhumabek Akhmetovich is an outstanding statesman and public figure, was born in the Tanakol (Tanagul) village located near the modern capital of Kazakhstan –Nur-Sultan city. Sometimes the village Babatai is called the place of his birth [1, p. 180].
His parents come from a middle-class family. The former ancestors of Zh.A. Tashenev were inhabitants of this region for many years .
During the annexation of Kazakh lands to the Russian Empire in 1832 the Akmola Order with the town of the same name was founded. Except Russian Cossacks, officials, there was the native population – Kazakhs, as well as Tatars, Bashkirs and others lived in the town.
Zhumabek’s father Zhaksybaev Tashen and mother Gulsum owned little property. During the years of 1917-1924 his father was a laborer in the nearest village of Martynovka and in 1931 he died of an illness. His parents had several children – Kassym (died in infancy), Kasen, Manap, Zhumabek, Bidan (Bibinur), Sakysh (Sakypzhamal).
The more exact place and date of birth of Zhumabek is a small village Tanakol (№7), and his birthday is March 20, 1915 as revealed by the authors of the monograph, historians Seitkali Duisen and Kanat Yensenov [2, p. 22]. The Tanakol village was located very close to the village Babatai and most Tanakol disappeared during the enlargement and mergering into collective farms in the 1930.
Such discrepancies in the dates and birth places of the people of the Kazakh land were quite common firstly because of the bad quality of documentation and the people’s unwillingness to obtain certificates for themselves. People understood that official registration could lead to various requisitions from the authorities.
The middle name of Akhmetovich was also unexpected, for some people according to the sayings sister-in-law Dametken relative of family, by Kazakh customs, Zhumabek and Manap were given for adoption to Tashen’s younger brother, Akhmet. Thus, Zhumabek and Tashen were recorded by Akhmetovich. In Kazakh families such customs have existed since ancient times and kept present. As a rule, close relatives gave their children to their brothers or sisters, so that the descendants of generations would not be interrupted. Or it could be in cases if relatives for some reason were in trouble, for example like childlessness.
One of the serious researchers in the history of the Tashenev family – Karishal Asan-ata (Asanov) gives a case in the Kunaev family as an example [3, p. 10-11]. Kunaev Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich, a contemporary of ZhumabekTashenev, who headed the republic for many years, had his own brother Askar, who had a middle name – Menliakhmetovich. In the case of Zh. Tashenev discrepancies between “Tashenov” or “Tashenev” are often experienced.
As already mentioned, the Kazakhs at the birth of children gave them names adhereting to their beliefs and ideas.
We have studied the documents and materials of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the State Archives of the North Kazakhstan and South Kazakhstan Regions. The funds of these archives contain materials of party committees, decisions of republican and local authorities on various economic and social issues, which allowed to research a deeper look at the stages of life of Zh.A. Tashenev [4, 5, 6].
But the most reliable data on biography of Zh.A. Tashenev (Tashenov) are collected in the Archive of President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The materials containing personal autobiography, as well as decisions of party committees on the approvals, are objective and important. Autobiographies, personal staff records, usually were filled in personally by the typists themselves and had an original handwriting (Copies of documents and photos are attached).
Zhumabek Tashenev has been accustomed to work from an early age. For example in a document dated November 26, 1936 and signed by the representative of the Vishnevsky District Land Committee Shkolny (without initials – by the author B.G. Ayagan), it is stated that Zhumabek Tashenev and his father grazed cattle on a collective farm with the eloquent title “Fight with Drought”.
The difficult conditions in which the Tashenev’s family found themselves in the 20-30s of XXth century tempered the character of a young man.
It should be noted that during the same period there was a fierce political struggle between supporters and opponents of Soviet power in the region. Even from ancient times, but in rich traditions intellectual life has been formed here. Legends about the glorious past, and “golden age” of Kazakh state, legends about invincible batyrs were given from mouth to mouth in every family. People knew and saved their glorious history, and they perceived the myths about the “all-conquering and faithful teaching of Marxism-Leninism” with irony and deep distrust. As a confirmation of the utopian ideas “communist society”, collectivization and the most capable part of society destruction took place in these [7]. The death of people from starvation, migrations, the discontent of the inhabitants, the political persecution of dissidents – all this passed before Zhumabek’s eyes and couldn`t have not left a trace in his soul and ideas about the world. A deep knowledge of laws of human`s being filled his life experience and tempered his character. In 1928 he was admitted to the Komsomol.
Zhumabek Akhmetovich indicates in his biography that in 1928-1940 he was a member of the Komsomol. The Komsomol organization was considered the pillar of the party in Soviet times. Komsomols had to work where the parties send them. Young Zhumabek participated in the work of a youth organization in Akmola city and stood out for his organizational skills in conducting social and political work among the youth.
Education at the school of peasant youth in 1928-1932, communication in the environment of Gayaz Abdullin, Malik Taukenov, close acquaintance with Russian and Kazakh literature significantly expanded his world view. In 1933 Zhumabek entered the construction college by his brother Manap’s advice.
In 1934-1938 the party leadership sent him to work in the Krasnoarmeysk, Akmolinsk, Vishnevsk, Nurinsk districts at responsible posts, which did not allow the purposeful young man to complete his studies at the technical school. At that time Kazakh youth who had a secondary specialized education and could read and write in two languages, had business qualities were very necessary for the Soviet party work.
Zhumabek Akhmetovich, having interrupted his studies at the technical college, in 1934 worked for 4 months in the Akmola district executive committee, that year in October he was appointed the executive secretary of the executive committee in a newly formed district Krasnoarmeysk in Kokchetav region (it was Karaganda region – by the author B.G. Ayagan) [8].
In 1934, Zh.A. Tashenev was hired to the district committee (Vishnevsky) of district Arshalynsky and then transferred to the district Krasnoarmeysk district executive committee of the North Kazakhstan region.
In 1940 he was admitted to the ranks of the All-Union Communist Party (renamed the CPSU in 1952). From 1934 to 1944 Zh.A. Tashenev worked in various positions in the Akmola, Karaganda and North Kazakhstan regions.
In summer of 1938 Tashenev was sent by party from Karaganda to lead the Food Service Department of North Kazakhstan region. Thus, the 23-year-old, decisive, active young man headed one of the branch departments of the region. Here Tashenev’s labor path in the northern region started, which lasted 14 years.
Zhumabek Akhmetovich worked in the economic, Soviet, parties of the North Kazakhstan region in 1938-1952. On July 31, 1938, by decision of the regional committee party, he was appointed as a head of the Food Service department at the regional trade administration. During this work he leads the organization of inter-district wholesale fairs in Petropavlovsk city. But the activities of the young Zhumabek in Petropavlovsk city did not last long again. The party leadership again sends him to the familiar agricultural sector.
On August 27, 1939 he was appointed the head of the land department of the Beinetkor district (now the region of Magzhan Zhumabaev – by the author B.G. Ayagan). He holds this position until August 1942. Understanding the need of secondary education he independently prepares and graduates in and got a distant education at a Russian school in the area, in order to continue studying while working. During this time he marries and starts a family with the girl Bates, who was also a young specialist in that area.
Wife of Zhumabek Akhmetovich Tashenev Bates Idrisovna (1922-2005) (before marriage –Alimbaeva) was from of district Akkol of Akmola region. She marries him in 1941. In 1942 they had their first son Sayan in this region [9, L. 102-105].
October 8, 1939 he became the head of the Beinetkor regional land department in North Kazakhstan Region as a candidate member of the CPSU (b) [10, L. 15].
In the “Conclusion” written on comrade Tashenev Zh.A. (as in the document – by the author B.G. Ayagan), head of regional staff department Makievsky and the instructor of the regional staff department Bobkin (without initials – by the author B.G. Ayagan) indicated that “Comrade Tashenev is in politic developed, well-educated in technic, a young leadership in agricultural enterprises, proved to be energetic, capable, and practical as a young worker” [10, L. 16].
In the “Characteristic”, approved by the bureau of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Kazakhstan the regional committee secretary for human resources Stroganov states: “He was not a member of other parties, he did not participate in oppositions and anti-party groups, he was politically strong, and disciplined” [10, L. 17].
Bureau of the Central Committee of Communist Party (b) of Kazakhstan approved Zh.A. Tashenev (Tashenev) in the position of the head of the Soviet regional land department in the North Kazakhstan Region on September 10, 1941. Such a delay could be connected either with the ongoing reorganization, or with wartime conditions.
Tashenev Zh.A.
North Kazakhstan State Archive. –F. 212.–I. 10. –D. 960.
In February 1944 he was nominated as the deputy secretary of the North Kazakhstan Regional Committee of the CP (b) of Kazakhstan for livestock, where he showed himself as a disciplined and initiative worker with authority among the population and in the party organization.
In 1944-1947 Zh. Tashenev occupied various levels in the regional executive committees, and then was appointed to the post of the head of regional party committee department. It was a very good career growth for a young specialist.
March 22, 1947 by a decision of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan signed by Zh. Shayakhmetov, he was approved to be the First Deputy Chairman of the Executive Committee in the North Kazakhstan Regional Council of Workers’ Deputies and his candidacy was submitted for approval to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (b) [10, L. 29].
The same data are given to them in the “Personal papers in staff records”. But here the author of the Personal document indicates that in 1947 he was elected a member of the North Kazakhstan Regional Committee, in 1952 a member of the Aktobe Regional Committee, and in 1951 a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
In 1949 he was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor and the medal For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
In 1949 Zh. Tashenev became the Chairman of the regional executive committee, he held this position until 1952.
In 1951 Zh.A. Tashenev was elected to the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR. By this period, “he was not abroad”, as indicated in the Personal Record in staff records.
In 1952 Zh. Tashenev was sent to study to the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU, the full course in which he graduated in distance learning in 1955.
It is noteworthy that on April 12, 1955 D.A. Konaev was elected as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and Zh.A. Tashenev – the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic by the members of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan [10, L. 11-12].
The leadership of the republic praised the conscientious, productive work of Zhumabek Akhmetovich Tashenev in the Soviet party of the North Kazakhstan region in 1938-1952. From 1952 to 1955 he worked as the First Secretary of Aktobe regional party committee.
Considering his experience in Soviet economy party and in Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions, the leadership of the republic in 1952 entrusted him with the administration one of the largest region. Zhumabek Akhmetovich became the 12th head of the Aktobe region [11]. At the age of 37 he headed the region with developed metallurgy and petrochemical productivity, a large territory, but with a few population in rural areas, with difficulties in transport communication.
Achievements
During the period of work in the executives Zh. Tashenev carries out tremendous work to hire the workers of the evacuated factories, returning from the front-line soldiers and their families. Work in the party committees allowed him to recognize the so-called “internal cuisine” of work in the Communist Party. Of course, being familiar with the structure and functioning mechanism of the Soviet government he saw both light and dark sides of life, which allowed him to behave more boldly and decisively. It is known that many workers who had “romantic ideas” about the activities of the CPSU, later, by familiarizing themselves in detail with the real life of party “idols,” often changed their ideas. Zhumabek Tashenev, most likely, was also very upset by the collapse of the “Soviet leaders,” but he survived this and brought out deep ideas from those times. Perhaps even then he clearly understood that it was not some speculative slogans that were important for society, but the value of human life and the creation of normal living conditions.
In 1954 the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan Zh. Shayakhmetov was relieved of his post for the protest against the voluntarism decisions of N.S. Khrushchev for the development of virgin and fallow lands. The endless voluntarism of the so-called “Center”, or more simply, Moscow nomenclature, with the change of party leaders, it was natural for, the local party and Soviet managers to cause a feeling of discontent and indignation.
So for example, from 1954 to 1955 the “Belarus partisan” P.K. Ponomarenko was the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan; he was changed by the “Dnepropetrovec” L.I. Brezhnev [12, p. 87; 13]. Instead of I.D. Yakovlev, who replaced L.I. Brezhnev, was appointed the unknown N.I. Belyaev, D.A. Kunaev was replaced by I.A. Yusupov who grew up in Almaty and worked as the First Secretary of the South Kazakhstan Regional Party Committee, but not trusted by locals [14, p. 95].
In April 1955 Zh.A. Tashenev was elected as the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR.
So, after working in Aktobe in 1955-1960 Zhumabek Akhmetovich headed the republic’s parliament for 5 years. Honestly speaking in modern political language the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR was a unicameral parliament, formed with the political and multinational composition of the republic at that time. According to the constitutional elections, one deputy was elected from 27 thousand people in secret, and by direct and equal vote for a period of 4 years. At that time about half of the deputies of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR were workers and peasants, and the other half were representatives of science and culture, public education, health care and party, Soviet workers [15].
Zh.A. Tashenev began to evaluate committees more critically, which can be seen in speeches and reports. He headed the Commission for the Rehabilitation of the Victims of Stalinism and did a lot to restore the honest names of repressed people. Also Zh.A.Tashenev actively dealt with the problem of arranging of the population.
The work of Zh. Tashenev at the highest posts in the republic coincided with the period of rehabilitation of the innocently convicted people during the years of Stalinism. As the Chairman of the CommissionZh. Tashenev did a lot not only for the rehabilitation of convicts, but also for providing with houses for families and children whose parents died in the camps. For example there were built houses for these families, that live Magzhan Zhumabaev’s widow – Zylikha and others got an apartment. With his direct participation the works of Saken Seifullin, Beimbet Mailin, Ilyas Zhansugurov and others who fell under the millstones of Stalin’s repressions were reprinted and brought out.
October 14, 1955 Zh.A.Tashenev as the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic addressed a letter to I.D. Yakovlev, the Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan with a request to consider improving the life of returnees from the People’s Republic of China. They were international returnees. Except of ethnic Kazakhs, there were representatives of Uighur, Tatars and other nationalities.
In 1955, Tashenev pointed out that a hundred families who moved from China to Almaty became homeless and unemployed, asked the Central Committee and the government to create a special commission and solve the problem of migrants. We see that holding a high position, he tried not to leave people in bad situations who came from abroad.
Documents confirming our conclusions are recorded in archiev sources. Some of them are shown in the monograph by S. Duisen and K. Yensenov “Zhumabek Tashenev” [2, p. 102-105].The authors comprehensively analyzed the documents contained in this work.
Zh. Tashenev’s a particularly reverent attitude towards front-line soldiers and participants in the Great Patriotic War were by the the witnesses Zh. Tashenev repeatedly raised questions of awarding Bauyrzhan Momyshuly, Rakhimzhan Koshkarbayev with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He cared for those who returned from the war. Zh.A. Tashenev also helped the war hero Sagadat Nurmagambetov, who later became the general and the first Minister of Defense of independent Kazakhstan [16, p. 320-321].
In 1956 Zh.A. Tashenev was elected the deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and also in the same year – a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
In 1959 major unrest occurred in the then small town of Temirtau. As a result of the events in Temirtau a special issue was considered in the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee. At the Presidium the first secretary of the party Karaganda regional committee P.N. Isaev was expelled from the party and dismissed from the work and N.I. Belyaev, the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, was also expelled. He did not agree with the decision of the Presidium and demanded to reconsider “his” case. During the second consideration of the issue, “major shortcomings” were revealed in the work of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, and the Bureau of the Central Committee was obliged to consider the current situation at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
January 19, 1960 the Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan was held and N.I. Belyaev was deposed, and D.A. Kunaev was elected to his place. At the same Plenum Zh.A. Tashenev was recommended for the post of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the republic [10, L. 12]. At that time witness of dismissed N.I. Belyaev was the then secretary of the Komsomol of Kazakhstan S. Kenzhebaev.
In 1960 Zhumabek Akhmetovich was appointed to the post of the head of the government of Kazakhstan. Then the government was officially called the “Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR.” The Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR “was” the highest executive and government power of the republic in Soviet times.
In 1960 Tashenev, taking the post of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR, completely gave the figures of culture and art a large house with 212-apartments built in new technology. Until now, this house is called the “Kazakh village” or “Tashenev’s House” located in Almaty at the crossroads of Kunaev and Kabanbai batyr streets.
Among the outstanding figures who moved to this house were Ilyas Omarov, Bibigul Tulegenova, Gulfayruz Ismailova, Kauken Kenzhetaev and Shabal Beysekova, Zhamal Omarova, Seyfolla Telgaraev, Kurmanbek and Sholpan Zhandarbekov, Shara Zheinkulova, Kapan Badyrov, Zhusupbek and Habiba Elebekov, writers Hamza Esenzhanov, Zein Shashkin, Zhusup Altaubayev,Balgabek Kydyrbeuly, scientist Abdi Tursynbayev and others.
The spacious avenue in the center of Almaty, stretching 12 km from west to east, was called Abay Avenue at the recommendation of Tashenev. It was he who cut the ribbon at opening ceremony of the monument to Abay in front of the modern Palace of the Republic. To this case he said the following: “In the center of the capital of Kazakhstan, there are no other Kazakh streets except Dzhambul and Amangeldy. Therefore, in order to eliminate this injustice, we need to name a street in the center of the city in honor of Abai, and a large monument to Abai should be erected on it. We are not worse than others. We must not lag behind others. Look, there is Shota Rustaveli Street in Tbilisi, which stretches across the whole city. Such an avenue is being built in Tashkent. This is Alisher Navoi’s Avenue. Ultimately, Alisher Navoi did not live not only in Tashkent, but also in Uzbekistan. He spent his whole life in the city of Herat in Afghanistan. One of the main streets of Moscow named after Maxim Gorky.” [3, p. 17-18]. The words of Zh. Tashenev did not diverge from the deed, and he himself took a control the creation of the monument to Abai. The author of this monument to Abay was the famous sculptor Khakimzhan Nauryzbaev.
Zhumabek Tashenev was undoubtedly against Kazakhstan’s territorial dividing. The divide the republic was repeatedly made by N.S. Khrushchev. A direct participant of the events of those years, the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan D.A. Kunaev recalls those times as follows: “The stumbling block (N.S. Khrushchev – by the author B.G. Ayagan) our disagreements was the formation of territories in the republic. Our relations began to deteriorate. I believed that new areas should be organized in the republic in order to improve the management of the national economy.” [10, L. 10-11]. N.S. Khrushchev created a separate Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan on virgin lands with deployment in Tselinograd. Moscow sent there as the Chairman of the Bureau Sokolov the Secretary of the branch Republican Central Committee. Further N.S. Khrushchev by the telephone announced about his decision to form a virgin land in five regions. Moreover, the management of the five regions was supposed to come from both Almaty and Moscow. N.S. Khrushchev replied to objection of D.A. Kunaev: “You are misunderstanding something”. Later was received a proposal to transfer the entire Karaganda region to the vergin land [12, p. 152-154].
In this case, A.I. Mikoyan supported the protest of D.A. Kunaev and the question was postponed indefinitely.
As the analysis shows N.S. Khrushchev not only completely disregarded with the wishes of the local population, but often voluntarily violated the USSR Constitution.
Strangely N.S. Khrushchev really believed that the borders between the republics would soon disappear (?!). D.A. Kunaev writes: “It was quite clear that Khrushchev tried to quickly pursue his idea of the future blurring of borders between the republics. This politician was not at all interested in the fate and aspirations of people, possible large conflicts” [12, p. 153].
Madat Akkozin writes, that “the most ardent defender of territorial integrity of republic was the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the republic, Zhumabek Tashenev. For which he was removed from his post and sent on the post of deputy executive committee to the South Kazakhstan region. And remained in this position until retirement” [17, p. 124].
The principle position of Zhumabek Tashenev on maintaining of territorial integrity of the republic is also written about by the patriarch of Kazakh literature Abdizhamil Nurpeisov. The national writer of Kazakhstan was in a stream of information about the events of the early 1960s. He also confirms his disagreement with the policy of N.S. Khrushchev on a number of key issues across the borders. The writer also confirms the conversation that took place between D.A. Kunaev and Zh. Tashenev, when D. Kunaev was amazed at the courage of Zh. Tashenev [18].
In the 1950s the leadership of Uzbekistan appealed to the Central Committee of the CPSU with a request to transfer him the part of the land belonging to Kazakhstan. According to our data, this question was raised by none other than N.S. Khrushchev. After the transfer of Crimea to Ukraine, he was eager to change other borders. At least, the transferring of several districts of the Chimkent region came from the Central Committee of the CPSU. A commission was organized, headed by Zh. Tashenev, which, in addition to him, here included M. Beisebayev, S. Daulenov, Kh. Arystanbekov, N. Morozov, V. Sheremetyev, all the leaders of the republican and regionals. The Commission, having studied all the materials, decided that there were no grounds to the transfer the lands. Moreover, N. Morozov had a “separate opinion”.
But despite objections, these lands, including the Bostandyk district, were transferred to Uzbekistan. It was possible to defend some of the lands military district Turkestan [4]. A. Sharipov [19] and Sagyndyk Kenzhebaev, statesmen and public figures [3, p.147-148] confirm these data in their memoirs.
N.S. Khrushchev also planned to cut off the half Mangyshlak from Kazakhstan.
As it is known from world history, redrawing borders is extremely difficult and conflicting. Therefore, in all international documents, conventions, in basic documents, the indissolubility and inviolability of borders is emphasized.
Because Zh.A. Tashenev often replaced the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR as a representative of Kazakhstan he knew these positions well. Therefore, he firmly stood for the inviolability of borders between the republics.
During one meeting Zh.A. Tashenev answered to opinion of N.S. Khrushchev about the necessity of Kazakhstan’s borders changing that he is “against not only consideration but discussing of this question!”“Listen. Who are you to oppose the decision of the Politburo (meaning the Central Committee of CPSU)?! – Khrushchev flared –“For that matter; we will resolve this issue without you (meaning the leadership of the republic). The Soviet Union is a united country, and therefore the Supreme Council of the USSR will decide to whom the territory to give.” “If the Supreme Council begins to personally intervene in the territorial issue of each republic, then the USSR Constitution must be abolished – Tashenev objected immediately – After all, it is said there that each republic has the right to own its historically formed territory. And if this law is violated, then we have the right to apply for justice to international human rights organizations, isn’t it?” After leaving the meeting, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan Kunaev D.A. said to a brave colleague with admiration: “Zhumeke, you are truly a desperate brave man. You have a lion’s heart!” Zhumabek Tashenev answered: “For the sake of my native people, I’m even ready for a test in hell” [20, p. 57].
During the period of his work at the highest state posts Zh.A. Tashenev was actively engaged in foreign policy. As deputy chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR he received ambassadors and other representatives of foreign countries.
Zh. Tashenev in his home worker auditory.
S. Duisen, K. Yensenov. Zhumabek Tashenev. – Almaty: “Litera-M”, 2012. – P. 216
As a participant of delegations he visited a number of foreign countries – China, Mongolia, India. Together with Yu. Andropov he accompanied N.S. Khrushchev to China, on negotiations conversations with the leader of the People’s Republic of China – Mao Zedong.
But mainly the talent of a leader was revealed in internal politicy. Attentiveness to the needs of citizens, especially to representatives of science, art and education, simplicity and skillful solution of problems made the name of Zh.A. Tashenev extremely popular among people.
The honored economist of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Professor Garay Sagymbaev confirms the rapid development of the economy and culture of Kazakhstan during the years of Tashenev’s leadership of the republic and gives the following data. Over these 6 years, electricity production has increased 2 times, oil production – 1.6 times, coal – 2 times, cement production – 15 times, the production of cotton fabric – 5 times, the production of textile out clothing – 3 times, mineral fertilizer production – 2 times, footwear production – 4 times, meat production – 2 times, sugar production – 1.5 times, animal fat production – 1.4 times, vegetable oil production – 2 times. The sown area has increased from 6 to 22 million hectares, the number of cattle – up to 5.5 million heads, sheep and goats – up to 28.5 million heads. 125 thousand specialists with higher education and 215 thousand specialists with secondary education worked in the national economy. In five years, 690 thousand apartments were built; 2.4 thousand enterprises and institutions were commissioned. There were 6140 libraries, 5140 clubs, 4777 film installations, 25 museums, 19 regional theaters. Thus, the social status of the population and the culture of life have significantly improved [21, p. 77].
Professor S. Kenzhebaev, who was the First secretary of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of Kazakhstan in 1950-60s, recalls the following incident: “Once V.E.Semichastnyi invited me to his place in Moscow. That time he headed the Department of Party after work in the State Security Committee. He said that Belyaev is expected to be removed from his post as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. Who could have come to this position? I replied that only two could master this work – D. Kunaev and Zh. Tashenev”[2, p. 91-92]. Also added that Zh.A. Tashenev went through difficult trials, but by the nature is very harsh (kaz. “tіk mіnezdі”).
Circumstances of the release of Zh.A. Tashenev from a high position were described in detail by D.A. Kunaev: “In December of 1960, a session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was held in Moscow. Kosygin came up to me during the break and said: “Khrushchev invites you and Tashenev to dinner”. We accepted the invitation and went to Khrushchev. All the members of the Presidium of the Central Committee were present at dinner. During lunch, Khrushchev several times turned to Tashenev (so in the text –by the author B.G. Ayagan) with questions and intensely offered snacks: try, they say, this …
After lunch, Khrushchev turned to me: “Come see me in 30-40 minutes. I need you”.
… I wondered: what is he leading to? An unexpected invitation, emphasized attention to Tashenev. And suddenly, at the end of our conversation, Khrushchev instructed me to relieve Tashenev from the chairman (as in the text) of the Council of Ministers of the Republic. He said: “There are a lot of complaints about Tashenev, and the audit confirms the correctness of the complaints. Learn more in the org department. It is difficult for him to work as the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the republic, give him a smaller job.” [12, p. 131]. D.A. Kunaev continues in the same work – “Tashenev worked quite satisfactorily in the Supreme Council, but I believe his transfer to the Council of Ministers was decided incorrectly. Being the Chairman there, he could not cover the main sections of the work of the government of the republic. The CPSU Central Committee began to receive a lot of applications for it. This was facilitated by his inert character, incontinence, and arrogance. All this forced the Central Committee of the CPSU, Khrushchev to offer to release him from work. I had to persuade Khrushchev for a long time to agree to send Tashenev as the Chairman of the Semipalatinsk region Executive Committee, and such an agreement was reached” [12, p. 131-132].
We believe that D.A. Kunaev did not disclose all aspects of the removal of Zh.A. Tashenev from the post. Indeed, the initiative to dismiss the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the republic could come from N.S. Khrushchev. As well as through bodies of the State Security Committee, he received information through voluntary informants, of whom there were many in the republic. But the reasons for the removal of Zh.A. Tashenev could be completely different, for example, the integrety of Zh.A. Tashenev in matters of redrawing borders, his popularity among the national intellectuals. Therefore, this question remains open. The complication of the relationship between N.S. Khrushchev and Zh.A. Tashenev also confirms S. Kenzhebaev – former the First Secretary of the Komsomol, a political scientist.
“Tashenev refused the offer to become the chairman of the Semipalatinsk region Executive Committee and went to Moscow to agree on his reassignment to a higher position. Moscow did not agree with his arguments, and in response to his statement, the Central Committee proposed sending Tashenev the deputy chairman of the regional executive committee. It was done so. Tashenev went to Chimkent and from this post and was retired” [12, p. 132].
After the events of October 11, 1961 the Bureau of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan approved the proposal of the South Kazakhstan Regional Party Committee on the approval of Comrade Tashenev Zh. A. as Deputy Chairman of the Executive Committee; by relieved K. Sarsenbaev from this work signed by D.A. Kunaev [10, L. 5].
D.A. Kunaev and Zh.A. Tashenev never met in public again.
Subsequently, Zh.A. Tashenev served as Deputy Chairman of the South Kazakhstan region Executive Committee from 1961 to 1975. He did a lot to improve the life of the population of the region.He contributed to the development of agriculture, focusing on social production. The result of his activity was the successful social-economic development of the South Kazakhstan region – the most densely populated region of the republic.
He did not back down from the path of justice during many years of work neither in senior positions in Kazakhstan, nor in a new place. Finding out the needs of people who came to see him, he rendered all possible assistance to them. He shared experience and helped young employees with advice.
In the South Kazakhstan Regional Executive Committee Zhumabek Akhmetovich did not disregard any appeal received in his name. Both city residents and rural workers often came to him with requests and wishes. People who turned to him did not see any regrets of the past in him, depressed mood, as well as aristocratic manners and arrogance. He was characterized by an equally respectful attitude, both older and younger. Therefore, he enjoyed authority and was respected by the people.
During his work in Shymkent Zhumabek Akhmetovich was over his 40s. At that time people often said about him: “The Terrible Lion, who got into the cage” [22, p. 6-7].
Along with administrative work Zhumabek Akhmetovich was also engaged in research activities. The obvious proof of this is the publication of a number of scientific works, the defense of a candidate (1962) and a doctoral dissertation in economics (1974) in Moscow [2, p. 259-260]. However, Zh.A.Tashenev did not receive confirmation of the degree of Doctor of Economic Sciences.There were the scientific articles and monographics in the field of economy, which analyze the direction of development of the industry, were published by scientist.
From March 1963 to April 1975 he was elected a deputy of the South Kazakhstan Regional Council of Workers’ Deputies, and from November 1963 to February 1974. A member of the Chimkent Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan (during the period of Zh.A. Tashenev’s work, this area was called either South Kazakhstan or Chimkent).
He had the state awards: the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor and medals. Candidate of Economic sciences.
In 1975, upon reaching retirement age, he went on a well-deserved rest. In subsequent years, he worked in research organizations. Zh.A. Tashenev remained as a major political figure and a skilled organizer of production in the memory of citizens of Kazakhstan. He was distinguished by such qualities as integrity, responsibility, smart and his goodwill towards people.
In the most difficult period of the struggle against Stalinism and for the territorial integrity of Kazakhstan Zhumabek Tashenev proved himself to be a principled and visionary politician.
Tashenev Zh.A. in 1980s.
S. Duisen, K. Yensenov. Zhumabek Tashenev. – Almaty: “Litera-M”, 2012. – P. 218
Memory
Zhumabek Akhmetovich Tashenev died on 18.11.1986. He was buried in the city of Shymkent. The streets in the cities of Nur-Sultan, Shymkent, Petropavlovsk named in his honor. Schools in the cities of Nur-Sultan, Petropavlovsk named after him, and the village of Arshaly Arshaly district of Akmola region.
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Author: B.G. Ayagan, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor